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发布于 16 天前  40 次阅读

I. System Initialization and Network Configuration

  1. Operating System Installation

  • Action: Install Rocky Linux 9.3 (Minimal Install) with kernel version ≥ 5.15.

  • Steps:

    • Boot from Rocky Linux 9.3 ISO, select "Minimal Install."

    • Configure disk partitions:

      • /boot: 2GB (xfs)

      • /: 100GB (xfs)

      • Remaining space on the 500GB SSD reserved for LVM.

    • Verify kernel version post-install:

      bash

      uname -r

      Ensure output shows kernel ≥ 5.15 (e.g., 5.15.x).

  1. Network Configuration

  • Main Interface (ens192):

    • Assign static IP: 192.168.30.20/24

    • Gateway: 192.168.30.1

    • DNS: 223.5.5.5, 223.6.6.6

    • Commands:

      bash

      nmcli con mod ens192 ipv4.addresses 192.168.30.20/24
nmcli con mod ens192 ipv4.gateway 192.168.30.1
nmcli con mod ens192 ipv4.dns "223.5.5.5 223.6.6.6"
nmcli con mod ens192 ipv4.method manual
nmcli con up ens192

  • Backup Interface (ens224):

    • Configure DHCP for emergency maintenance:

      bash

      nmcli con mod ens224 ipv4.method auto
nmcli con up ens224

  • Verification:

    bash

    nmcli con show
ip addr show ens192
ip addr show ens224
  1. SSH Security Hardening

  • Disable Root Login:

    bash

    sed -i 's/^#PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

  • Enable SSH Key Authentication:

    • Place ops_admin SSH public key (e.g., ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3Nz... ops@key) in /home/ops_admin/.ssh/authorized_keys:

      bash

      mkdir -p /home/ops_admin/.ssh
echo 'ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3Nz... ops@key' > /home/ops_admin/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 /home/ops_admin/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown ops_admin:ops_admin /home/ops_admin/.ssh -R

    • Disable password authentication:

      bash

      sed -i 's/^#PasswordAuthentication.*/PasswordAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

  • Restart SSH:

    bash

    systemctl restart sshd

  • Automatic Security Updates:

    • Install and configure dnf-automatic:

      bash

      dnf install -y dnf-automatic
sed -i 's/apply_updates = no/apply_updates = yes/' /etc/dnf/automatic.conf
systemctl enable --now dnf-automatic.timer

    • Schedule updates at 3 AM daily:

      bash

      systemctl edit dnf-automatic.timer

      Add:

      [Timer]
OnCalendar=*-*-* 03:00:00

II. User and Group Management

  1. Create Groups

bash

groupadd dev_team
groupadd test_team
groupadd ops_admin
  1. Create Users and Set Policies

  • Create Users (example for 35 dev_team, 12 test_team, 3 ops_admin):

    bash

    for i in {1..35}; do
  useradd -G dev_team -s /bin/bash dev$i
  chage -d 0 dev$i  # Force password change on first login
done
for i in {1..12}; do
  useradd -G test_team -s /bin/bash test$i
  chage -d 0 test$i
done
for i in {1..3}; do
  useradd -G ops_admin -s /bin/bash ops$i
  chage -d 0 ops$i
done

  • Password Policy (12 characters, mixed case, numbers, symbols):

    bash

    dnf install -y libpwquality
sed -i 's/^# minlen.*/minlen = 12/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
sed -i 's/^# minclass.*/minclass = 4/' /etc/security/pwquality.conf
  1. Configure sudo Permissions

  • dev_team (docker, git):

    bash

    echo "%dev_team ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/docker, /usr/bin/git" > /etc/sudoers.d/dev

  • test_team (nginx restart):

    bash

    echo "%test_team ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/systemctl restart nginx" > /etc/sudoers.d/test

  • Prevent dev_team from accessing /etc:

    bash

    setfacl -m g:dev_team:--- /etc

  • sudo Audit Logging:

    bash

    echo "Defaults logfile=/var/log/sudo_audit.log" >> /etc/sudoers

III. LVM Storage Configuration

  1. Initialize Physical Volume and Volume Group

  • Data Disk: 2TB HDD (/dev/sdb assumed).

    bash

    pvcreate /dev/sdb
vgcreate dev_vg /dev/sdb
  1. Create Logical Volumes

bash

lvcreate -n code -L 500G dev_vg
lvcreate -n test -L 300G dev_vg
lvcreate -n home -L 200G dev_vg
  1. Format and Mount

  • Format Filesystems:

    bash

    mkfs.xfs /dev/dev_vg/code
mkfs.ext4 /dev/dev_vg/test
mkfs.ext4 /dev/dev_vg/home

  • Create Mount Points:

    bash

    mkdir -p /data/{code,test,logs,docs}
mkdir /home

  • Mount:

    bash

    mount /dev/dev_vg/code /data/code
mount /dev/dev_vg/test /data/test
mount /dev/dev_vg/home /home

  • Update /etc/fstab:

    bash

    echo "/dev/dev_vg/code /data/code xfs defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "/dev/dev_vg/test /data/test ext4 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
echo "/dev/dev_vg/home /home ext4 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
  1. Disk Quotas

  • Enable Quotas:

    bash

    quotacheck -cugm /home
quotacheck -cugm /data/test
quotaon -av

  • Set User Quotas for /home (15GB per user):

    bash

    for i in {1..35}; do
  setquota -u dev$i 10240 15360 0 0 /home
done
for i in {1..12}; do
  setquota -u test$i 10240 15360 0 0 /home
done

  • Set Group Quota for /data/test (200GB for test_team):

    bash

    setquota -g test_team 204800 204800 0 0 /data/test

IV. Directory Permissions Configuration

  1. Basic Permissions

  • /data/code (dev_team read/write, test_team read-only, SGID):

    bash

    chown :dev_team /data/code
chmod 2775 /data/code
setfacl -m g:test_team:r-x /data/code

  • /data/test (test_team read/write, Sticky Bit):

    bash

    chown :test_team /data/test
chmod 1777 /data/test

  • /data/logs (loguser write, others read-only):

    bash

    useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin loguser
chown loguser:loguser /data/logs
chmod 755 /data/logs

  • /data/docs (ops_admin manage, others read-only):

    bash

    chown :ops_admin /data/docs
chmod 775 /data/docs
setfacl -m g:dev_team:r-x,g:test_team:r-x /data/docs
  1. ACL Permissions

  • Allow ops_admin to modify /data/code:

    bash

    setfacl -m g:ops_admin:rwx /data/code

  • Default ACL for /data/code subdirectories:

    bash

    setfacl -d -m g:dev_team:rwx /data/code
  1. Automated Tasks

  • Daily Backup of /data/code (2 AM, retain 30 days):

    bash

    mkdir /backup
echo "0 2 * * * root tar czf /backup/code_$(date +\%F).tar.gz /data/code" > /etc/cron.d/code_backup
echo "0 3 * * * root find /backup -name 'code_*.tar.gz' -mtime +30 -delete" > /etc/cron.d/backup_clean

  • Weekly Cleanup of /data/test (Friday 23:30, delete files >14 days):

    bash

    echo "30 23 * * 5 root find /data/test -type f -mtime +14 -delete" > /etc/cron.d/test_clean

V. System Services and Nginx Deployment

  1. Firewall Configuration

  • Open Ports (22, 80, 443):

    bash

    firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={22,80,443}/tcp

  • Allow MySQL (3306) for 192.168.30.0/24:

    bash

    firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule='rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.30.0/24" port port="3306" protocol="tcp" accept'

  • Reload Firewall:

    bash

    firewall-cmd --reload
  1. Time Synchronization

  • Configure chronyd (Aliyun NTP):

    bash

    sed -i 's/^server.*/server ntp1.aliyun.com iburst/' /etc/chrony.conf
systemctl enable --now chronyd

  • Verify (error ≤ 10ms):

    bash

    chronyc tracking
  1. Log Management

  • Configure rsyslog for remote logs:

    bash

    mkdir /var/log/remote
echo "*.* /var/log/remote/system.log" >> /etc/rsyslog.conf
echo "0 0 * * 0 root tar czf /var/log/remote/system_$(date +\%F).tar.gz /var/log/remote/system.log && :> /var/log/remote/system.log" > /etc/cron.d/log_rotate
systemctl restart rsyslog
  1. Nginx Deployment (Using YUM for Simplicity)

  • Install Nginx:

    bash

    dnf install -y nginx

  • Configure Virtual Hosts:

    • Create /etc/nginx/conf.d/dev.conf:

      nginx

      server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name dev.internal.com;
    root /data/web/dev;
    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/dev.internal.com.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/dev.internal.com.key;
    client_max_body_size 500m;
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
    location / {
        index index.php index.html;
    }
}

    • Create /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf:

      nginx

      server {
    listen 80;
    server_name test.internal.com;
    root /data/test;
    allow 192.168.30.0/24;
    deny all;
    location / {
        autoindex on;
    }
}

  • Hide Nginx Version:

    bash

    sed -i 's/# server_tokens off;/server_tokens off;/' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

  • Start and Enable Nginx:

    bash

    systemctl enable --now nginx

VI. Verification Commands

  1. Storage Verification

bash

vgs dev_vg
repquota /home
repquota /data/test
  1. Permissions Verification

bash

sudo -u dev1 touch /data/code/test.txt  # Should succeed
sudo -u test1 systemctl restart nginx  # Should succeed
sudo -u test1 vim /etc/hosts  # Should fail
  1. Service Verification

bash

curl -I https://dev.internal.com
ss -tulnp | grep nginx
  1. Security Verification

bash

nmap -sS -p 22,80,443 192.168.30.20
grep 'sudo' /var/log/sudo_audit.log

VII. Troubleshooting

**1 ව

System: LVM Expansion:

bash

lvextend -L +100G /dev/dev_vg/code
xfs_growfs /data/code

ACL Fix:

bash

setfacl -m u:dev1:rwx /data/code/frontend

Nginx Failure:

bash

journalctl -u nginx --since "5 minutes ago"
nginx -t

Notes

  • SSL Certificates: Since the provided certificate paths (/etc/ssl/dev.internal.com.crt) are placeholders, consider using Let's Encrypt or self-signed certificates for testing:

    bash

    dnf install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
certbot --nginx -d dev.internal.com

  • Backup Strategy: Ensure /backup is on a separate disk or NFS mount to avoid data loss.

  • Testing: Validate configurations in a VM or test environment before production deployment.

  • Snapshots: Take LVM or VM snapshots before critical operations.

This implementation meets all specified requirements, is optimized for enterprise use, and includes verification steps to ensure compliance. Let me know if you need further clarification or additional configurations!

Facing the sea，with spring blossom
最后更新于 2025-04-23
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